Active and Passive Voice

        An action of a subject, in relation to an object, is expressed in two ways of expressing action of a subject are known as Voices:

1. Active Voice : In a sentence using active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb
2. Passive Voice : In a sentence using passive voice, the subject is acted upon; he or she receives the action expressed by the verb. The agent performing the action may appear in a "by the..." phrase or may be omitted.

Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

From this example we can see that:

• Object of the active voice (the soil) becomes the subject of the passive voice
• Subject of the active voice (we) became the object of the passive voice. Note also that there is a change of subject pronoun 'We' became the object pronoun 'us'.
• Verb1 (fertilize) the active voice becomes verb3 (fertilized) on the passive voice.
• He added some 'is' in front verb3. Be used is dependent on the subject of passive voice andtenses used.(Note the passive voice patterns below).
• He added the word 'by' behind verb3. However, if the object of the passive voice is considerednot important or unknown, then the object is usually not mentioned and so was the word 'by'
• Especially for progressive sentences (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, and past perfect continuous future, need to add a 'being' in front verb3). If you did not add "being",tensisnya will change, not a progressive / continuous again. Consider the examples in point h - o below.

Based on the six points above the passive voice followed the pattern as follows:

Subject + be + Verb 3 + by + Object + Modifier


The pattern of active and passive voice ineach tense:

1. Simple Past Tense 

Rumus:
Active : S+ V2+ O
Passive : O+ was/were+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Johan wrote a letter 
Passive : A letter was written by Johan 

2. Past Continuous Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ was/were+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ was/were+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Tania was cooking those martabaks in the kitchen 
Passive : Those martabaks were being cooked by Tania in the kitchen 

3. Past Perfect Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ had+ verb 3+ O
Passive : O+ had+ been+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Ruhut had fixed his problem yesterday 
Passive : Ruhut's problem had been fixed by him yesterday 

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:
Active : S+ had+ been+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ had+ been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active : Tika had been playing piano since 1 hour ago 
Passive : The piano had been being played by Tika since 1 hour ago 

5. Past Future Tense 

Rumus:
Active : S+ would+ verb 1+ O
Passive : O+ would be+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active : I would buy the new shoes (Aku akan membeli sepatu baru itu)
Passive : The new shoes would be bought by me (Sepatu baru itu akan aku beli)

6. Past Future Continuous Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ would+ be+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ would+ be+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Rama would be calling Shinta for long time 
Passive : Shinta would be being called by Rama for long time 

7. Past Future Perfect Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ would+ have+ verb 3+ O
Passive : O+ would+ have been+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Alisa would have sent the gift- if she knew your house 
Passive : The gift would have been sent by Alisa- if she knew your house 

8. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ would+ have been+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ would+ have been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : They would have been opening the shop- before their boss came 
Passive : The shop would have been being opened by them before their boss came 

9. Simple Present Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ verb 1/ verb 1-s/es+ O
Passive : O+ am/is/are+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : My mom sells the foods and beverages 
Passive : The foods and beverages are sold by my mom 

10. Present Continuous Tense

Rumus:
Active  : S+ Am/is/are+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ am/is/are+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : The computer is processing the document 
Passive : The document is being processed by the computer 

11. Simple Future Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ will+ verb 1+ O
Passive : O+ will+ be+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : We will spend our time- for learning English 
Passive : Our time will be spent by us- for learning English 

12. Future Continuous Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ will+ be+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ will+ be+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : The students will be finishing their homework- if they have been at the school 
Passive : The homework will be being finished by the students- if they have been at the school 

13. Present Perfect Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ have/has+ verb 3+ O
Passive : O+ have/has+ been+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : I have swept my house’s floors 
Passive : My house’s floors have been swept by me 

14. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ have/ has+ been+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ have/has+ been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Jarwo has been watching the TV- since 5 hours ago 
Passive : The TV has been being watched by Jarwo- since 5 hours ago 

15. Future Perfect Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ will+ have+ verb 3+ O
Passive : O+ will+ have+ been+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : I will have submitted my assignment- on Monday next week 
Passive : My assignment will have been submitted by me- on Monday next week 

16. Future Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:
Active  : S+ will+ have+ been+ (V1+ing)+ O
Passive : O+ will+ have+ been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S
Example :
Active  : Google willl have been releasing Android newest version- next year 
Passive : The Android newest version will have been being released by Google- next year